Equitation over fences is a discipline where riders are judged on their form and technique as they guide their horse over a series of jumps. It emphasizes precision, balance, and control, with a focus on the rider's ability to maintain a smooth and effective ride while navigating obstacles.

Equitation on the flat is a discipline where riders are judged on their posture, control, and communication with the horse while performing movements in an arena without jumps. It emphasizes balance, precision, and the rider’s ability to work in harmony with the horse, showcasing smooth transitions and effective riding skills.

Horsemanship is a discipline focused on the rider's ability to train, care for, and communicate effectively with their horse. It emphasizes a deep understanding of horse behavior, riding technique, and the development of a strong partnership between rider and horse, often judged in both handling and riding scenarios.

Reining is a Western riding discipline where riders guide their horses through a precise pattern of spins, circles, and stops. It emphasizes control, finesse, and the ability to perform complex maneuvers at speed, showcasing the rider’s skill in directing the horse with subtle cues.

Dressage is a classical equestrian discipline where riders perform a series of predetermined movements, known as "tests," that demonstrate the horse's training, obedience, and athleticism. It emphasizes grace, precision, and harmony between rider and horse, often referred to as “horse ballet” due to its artistic and disciplined nature.